More than 1 in 5 U.S. adults experience mental illness each year, making mental health a critical public health issue. However, the impact of mental illness is not felt equally. Underserved communities, including racial and ethnic minority groups, LGBTQ+ individuals, people who are unhoused, those impacted by the justice system, and residents of rural areas often face a disproportionate burden of mental health challenges.
Mental health affects people of all ages, but the crisis is especially urgent among young people. Each year, more than 1 in 7 U.S. youth ages 6–17 are diagnosed with a mental health disorder, highlighting the need for early support, awareness, and intervention.
To better understand these disparities and explore ways to reduce stigma, we spoke with Dr. Stephen Broughton, a mental health and health disparities expert and member of the OHOW Advisory Board. In this conversation, he shares insights on the roots of mental health stigma and what individuals and communities can do to address it.
Here are the highlights of what we discussed:
OHOW: Why is it important for people to understand that mental health challenges are not experienced equally across communities?
Dr. Broughton: Demographic groups are quite variable in our country and people’s experiences with mental health vary widely based on their environments, life circumstances, and lived experiences. Some communities face higher levels of stress due to environmental factors, such as where they live and work, which can increase their risk for mental health challenges.
With that being said, everyone experiences stress differently, shaped by personal history and day-to-day realities. Understanding these differences is key to providing equitable and effective support.
OHOW: What are some common myths or misunderstandings about mental health that you wish more people knew?
Dr. Broughton: One common misconception is that mental health conditions can simply be “fixed.” In reality, many mental health conditions are managed over time, similar to chronic conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. You don’t fix mental illness, you treat it.
With the right support including therapy, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, medication people can effectively manage their mental health. It’s also important to understand that medication alone may not be enough; a combination of approaches, including talk therapy, is often most effective.
OHOW: What questions should someone ask when seeking a mental health professional to ensure it’s a good fit?
Dr. Broughton: Finding the right provider is a personal process, and it may take time to find a good fit. Not every therapist or psychiatrist will be the right match for every individual, and that’s okay. Feeling safe, respected, and comfortable is essential for effective care.
For example, past experiences, such as trauma, may influence who someone feels comfortable speaking with. Providers should be responsive to these needs and, when appropriate, help connect individuals with someone who better aligns with their preferences and not take it personally if they are not the right fit for the patient. The goal is always to support the individual in a way that works best for them.
OHOW: What are the most common pathways for someone who’s interested in seeking help for their mental health?
Dr. Broughton: Many people start by talking with someone they trust, such as a friend or family member. Others may reach out to a primary care provider, who can help guide them to appropriate mental health services.
Depending on individual needs, support may include counseling, therapy, or referral to a specialist such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. In some cases, primary care providers may refer patients to mental health specialists for more specialized treatment, including medication management.
OHOW: How can families, friends, and communities better support individuals who may be struggling?
Dr. Broughton: Education is key. When people better understand what mental health is and what it is not they are more likely to offer meaningful support. In the past, mental health conditions were often misunderstood, leading to stigma and avoidance rather than care.
As a healthcare provider, we try to talk to families as much as possible about mental health, what it entails, and why emotional support is so important. The main reason people shy away from getting mental health counseling or treatment is the fact that there is a lack of understanding by the community about what mental health is.
Today, increasing awareness helps people recognize that mental health conditions are treatable. Support from family, friends, and communities can make a significant difference in encouraging individuals to seek and continue care.
OHOW: What can people do to help reduce stigma and support mental health awareness?
Dr. Broughton: Reducing stigma starts with open, honest conversations. Creating spaces where people can ask questions and learn from qualified professionals helps normalize mental health discussions.
When people understand that mental health conditions are common and treatable, just like other health conditions,, they are more likely to seek help and support others in doing the same.
OHOW: If you could leave readers with one key message about mental health, what would it be?
Dr. Broughton: Don’t avoid the conversation, engage with it. Learning about mental health and supporting others with empathy and encouragement can make a meaningful difference. Many people feel hesitant or embarrassed to seek help because of stigma, but when they feel supported, they are more likely to access the care they need.
If you or someone you know is struggling or in crisis, confidential, free, help is available. You can explore support options tailored to your needs on the CDC Mental Health Resources page.
Resources
Mental Health By the Numbers- National Association on Mental Illness (NAMI)
Protecting the Nation’s Mental Health- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Mental Health Resources- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)